Hey, guys! What's up?
It's time to explore some language items!
So let's talk about future events.
A very common way to refer to the future in English is by using "will".
Check the structure in the affirmative form:
Take a look at an example:
And we can use the contracted form,
which sounds more natural in spoken language.
Especially when the subject is a pronoun, such as "we".
The cool thing about it is that the verb is conjugated
the same way for all the subjects!
Want to see another example?
Let's say there's no hot water in the shower,
so you call the front desk to ask them to fix it.
They can say:
"Maintenance" here is a third person singular.
Note that the rest of the sentence is just the same, "will be".
So we have the subject, then "will"
followed by the main verb in its base form, "be", that is, without conjugation,
and then the complemente, "there right away".
In the negative form, just add "not" right after "will".
And the contracted form is more commonly used.
Check this example,
let's suppose there's a problem with the air conditioner,
and you want to know if you need to change rooms until the problem is solved.
The front desk can say:
In this case, we have "it won't", that is, "it will not",
+ the verb "be", and the complement.
So, it goes like:
Now, let me tell you something.
There's another use of "won't" that doesn't specifically indicate
an action not happening in the future.
We can use "won't" to convey the idea that something refuses to happen,
or that someone refuses to do something.
Take a look!
"Won't" implies that the person has already tried to turn on the TV several times
and nothing has happened.
It's almost like saying that the TV refuses to turn on.
Even though this is just a metaphor, since you can't say:
Alright, we've already seen the affirmative and the negative forms of will,
so let's study the interrogative form now.
It's pretty easy!
We just need to invert the positions of the subject and "will".
Then, keep the rest of the sentence the same.
Take a look at these examples:
To make the interrogative form, we start with "will",
then add the subject "the receptionist",
then the verb "send" in its base form, and finally, the complement,
"someone to unclog the sink".
Well, so far we've seen that "will" is used to talk about future events.
We've also seen that "won't" can be used in another context
to indicate that someone is refusing to do something, even an object,
such as a TV that refuses to turn on!
But there's still another situation:
it's when we use "I'll have" to talk about what we want to order,
especially in bars and restaurants.
Check it out!
Let's say we want to order a sandwich, we say:
And there's another expression often used in the same situation:
"would like".
We could, for example, order room service by saying:
Pay attention to the contracted form of "I" + "would", "I'd".
Using "I'd like" sounds a little more formal than "I'll have".
But both are commonly used!
And what happens when we combine "would" with other verbs?
For example:
Well, this structure is used to talk about hypothesis,
which expresses a very different perspective
when compared to the future.
Check it out!
Here I'm talking about an action I decided to perform in the future.
But look at this other example:
Here I'm talking about a hypothesis, I would eat it if I weren't on a diet.
Since I am, I won't actually eat it.
How about some other examples?
"Would drink" refers to something I'd like to do if it were possible,
but it's not.
Another example:
So, guys, "would" is used to talk about hypothetical situations,
and it can also be used in the expression "I'd like" or "I would like"
to make requests in stores, restaurants, and to order room service.
Besides knowing how to order,
do you know what else is important when you order room service
or delivery to your hotel?
It's knowing how to say the number of your hotel,
your room or floor, and understanding the price of what you are ordering.
And for that, we need to know how to say and understand the numbers!
So, we have the cardinal and ordinal numbers.
Take a look!
Or rather than room "two-one-four", we could say "room two hundred fourteen".
Either way, we use cardinal numbers.
But to talk about the floor, for example, we would use ordinal numbers.
Check it out!
The ordinal numbers, such as first, second, third, fourth, fifth and so on,
are used to express the idea of sequence, order.
In other cases, to talk about price, for example,
we use the cardinal numbers.
Now, when you say or get the price of something in English,
pay attention to some differences.
First thing is that dollars and cents in English are separated by a point,
not a comma as in other languages.
And when you hear a number, it's probably going to be all together.
As in:
Note that in the written language, we use a hyphen in ninety-eight.
Another example!
We don't use "and" to say it.
Something like "thirty and two-forty", no!
There's no such thing in English!
Now, take a look at this one!
Guys, we can say "one hundred", but in general we use "a",
which can replace "one".
That's nice, guys!
Now you can order your meal, confirm your room,
talk about upcoming events, and make hypothesis!
And that's it for now!
Do those follow-up activities and I will see you next class!
Take care!